Taking steps to prevent melanoma – the least common and most deadly form of skin cancer
Summer is here, which means it's time to take extra precautions against the sun's harmful effects --particularly UVA and UVB rays. The experts at Johns Hopkins want everyone to understand the difference between UVA and UVB rays, as well as how to choose the right kind of sunscreen and use it correctly to protect yourself from skin cancer.
UVA is strongly associated with tanning, wrinkles, and melanoma (the most serious form of skin cancer). UVB is closely associated with sunburn and basal and squamous cell carcinoma (two other types of skin cancer). Although it is not known how sun-associated skin damage occurs, some researchers think that UV (ultraviolet) rays attack the body’s immune system and increase the production of enzymes that break down collagen, a protein in the connective tissue located underneath the dermis (the layer of skin below the outer layer, or epidermis). Whether you're fair-skinned and freckly or dark-skinned and not prone to burning easily, it’s important to take precautions. Here's what you need to know to protect yourself against skin cancer.
Sunscreen basics
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UVB rays are more intense during the summer and cause tans and sunburns. UVA rays are the same intensity year-round and unlike UVB rays, penetrate deep into the skin's layers. For maximum sun protection against the risk of skin cancer, your sunscreen should block both UVB and UVA rays.
Always look for an SPF (sun protection factor) against UVB rays of 15 or higher.
Read the product label to check whether your sunscreen is formulated to block UVA rays. Look for terms such as full spectrum, broad spectrum, and UVA protection on the sunscreen lotion. Also look for titanium dioxide or zinc dioxide in the ingredient list. Better yet, make sure the ingredients include the chemical blocker Parsol 1789 (avobenzone).
Avoid direct sunlight between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Seek the shade; wear a wide-brimmed hat, long sleeves, and long pants. And don't forget to wear sunglasses as UVB rays can sometimes cause cataracts.
Apply sunscreen 15 to 30 minutes prior to sun exposure -- even on cloudy days. Remember to apply sunscreen liberally to your ears, hands, toes, and lips. Reapply regularly.
And don't worry about a vitamin D deficiency. You get enough UV light through incidental exposure, like walking to your car, for your body to manufacture adequate vitamin D. So there's no excuse for skimping on sunscreen. Rub on sunscreen liberally and enjoy those hot, sizzling months smartly.
